Pontmare Eco-Skyscraper | Luis de Garrido

PONTMARE ECO-SKYSCRAPER 2003 Valencia. Spain 3,945 m2 (each of the skyscrapers) EUR 21,500,000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 1. Most Important Goals - Create an architectural symbol of the city of Valencia, inspired by some of its most precious cultural references (the sea, sailing ships, the shawl of the Virgin, the horns of bulls, fire, light). - Designing a railway station in the city of Valencia in the very old river Turia riverbed. The construction of this station allows the control of a greater volume of traffic, and the burial of the railroad tracks that still run to open within the city. - Addressing the meeting of the urban park (former bed of the river turned into a park) with the Mediterranean Sea. - Construct two office buildings of high standard. - Projecting a large open area for public performances. - Connect the north to the south of the city, so that the old channel will not pose a barrier. - Designing multimedia two skyscrapers - Projecting two skyscrapers and high-level self-sustainable. 2. Architectural Solution The city of Valencia is undergoing an economic and cultural development very important in recent years, which is resulting in an exemplary process of recycling and city growth. Among many other projects, perhaps the most ambitious is finally connecting Valencia to the sea. The southern part of the river is beginning to consolidate, and instead, the north, take longer, since it has to remodel and recycle, a well-established urban fabric. No doubt the urban development of the city to the sea will need a connection channels between the two areas, which will undoubtedly lead to new bridges, high added value. In addition, the old Turia riverbed, has become a green that runs through the city of Valencia, from west to east, but end up finding the Mediterranean Sea. Well, this meeting of the river to the sea, the water park, and north to the south, became an emblematic point, and conflicted, the city of Valencia. To make matters worse, this same point going the route of the railway which crosses the city. Therefore, without doubt, need to make a large-scale management of this special zone. The proposal includes a Luis de Garrido underground train station and metro, a new bridge, and two skyscrapers that line the river, by way of a huge current Colossus of Rhodes. The set is called "PontMare." (The Mediterranean Sea Bridge - The bridge to Mother Nature). The two skyscrapers are impressive and attractive design, inspired by referring inherently "Valencia", Iberian, "and" Mediterranean, such as craft candles Mediterranean, the horns of bulls, the typical construction of Valencia, the Colossus of Rhodes the mantle of the Virgin of the Helpless, and the shape of the flames. Therefore, without doubt, Pontmare could become "the symbol of XXI century Valencia. 3. Sustainable Analysis 1. Resource Optimization 1.1. Natural resources. The maximum use of resources, such as the sun (to generate hot water, heat the greenhouse skyscrapers, and provide natural lighting to all branches), wind, air (cold air exists at high altitude) the earth (geothermal system to heat and cool the housing), rain water (water reservoirs), ... .. 1.2. Manufactured resources. The materials used are maximized, reducing potential waste through proper project, a total industrialization of all components of the skyscraper, and effective management of its construction. 1.3. Resources recovered, reused and recycled. The vast majority of building materials can be recovered, so that the skyscraper can be removed in its entirety and all its components can be repaired in a simple manner. On the other hand, has promoted the use of recycled and recyclable materials. 2. Decreased energy consumption 2.1. Construction. The building has been constructed with minimal energy consumption. The materials used are manufactured with minimal energy. 2.2. Use Due to its characteristics bioclimatic skyscraper conventional energy consumption is very low. The skyscraper is heated greenhouse, and an efficient geothermal system that generates air and hot water. On the other hand, the skyscraper is cooled through an efficient sunscreen, a geothermal generation of fresh air, and the removal of existing external fresh air to a high altitude. 2.3. Dismantling The vast majority of materials used can be recovered easily (once the life of the building) to be repaired, or used in another building. 3. Using alternative energy sources The energy used is of two types: solar thermal (solar collectors to produce the ACS, and solar sensors to generate electricity) and geothermal (to generate hot air and fresh air). 4. Reduction of waste and emissions The skyscraper will not generate any emissions, and has been reduced to the maximum emission of waste. 5. Improving human health and welfare All materials used are environmentally friendly and healthy, and do not have any programs that might affect human health. Similarly, the skyscraper is ventilated naturally, and because of its architectural structure that takes advantage of natural lighting, creating a healthy environment and provides the best possible quality of life for building occupants. The interior of the skyscrapers have stepped on the field, to allow access to natural lighting. 6. Reduced price of the building and maintenance The skyscraper was designed to have easy management, and very easy to maintain and repair. This has been used in the telecommunications technologies and more advanced control of the moment. 4. Bioclimatic characteristics 1. Heat: 1.1. Heat Generation. To generate heat in the skyscrapers have used the following techniques: 1.1.1. Techniques to prevent the skyscraper cool in winter It has designed a double skin of glass with an intermediate air space of 2 meters wide. The outer skin consists of a tempered laminated glass (6-6-6), pre-stressed deformed perimeter to withstand the enormous pressure of the wind speed at high altitudes, and the shrinkage of material due to changes temperature. The exterior glass has a special screen so that sunlight passes very perpendicular to the glass (winter) and do not let the sun go flush (summer). The inner skin is in turn a double glass (6 +6 +6-12-6), which has an exterior awning system and a triple rail system of internal blinds. The set provides a very high insulation prevents energy loss in winter. 1.1.2. Techniques for high-rise heat - Greenhouse effect. The double skin of glass allows two systems to generate heat for the building. On the one hand allows solar radiation to penetrate the skyscrapers and stays hot radiation. This heat will stay overnight due to the high inertia of the set and the low energy losses. On the other hand the double skin allows a double greenhouse. The hot air generated by the camera stands between the double skin and is introduced into the building. If necessary, air is introduced to a mechanical system that heats the air to reach the desired temperature in autumn, the air warmed directly enters the interior rooms. In addition, through an ingenious system of openings of the double skin of glass is allowed in winter ventilation air preheated by the gases. This will substantially reduce energy consumption. - Geothermal energy. Underground hot water bag. A bag of hot ground water is extracted to heat some floors of the skyscraper (the larger rooms on the north side of the building) by means of a radiant floor system. In this same bag generates a large volume of hot air that will travel the core of skyscrapers upward. - Thermal solar collectors. In the south (the south building) there are thermal solar collectors (vacuum tubes) located embedded in the metal mesh that is between the double skin of glass to the height of each slab. In this way the system protects from solar radiation in summer, while winter generates hot water (hot water for the skyscraper). - High thermal inertia of the building. The heat generated during the day by the above methods is stored in the building because of its high thermal mass and keeps it hot all night. This facilitates the heating running the next day. 1.2. Transmission of heat (and light). To heat the rooms north has designed a system of heat transfer through the double glass skin. Just driving (by fans found on the inside of the double skin) the hot air generated in the southern part of the skyscraper, it reaches the northern part around the entire building and heating as it passes 1.3. Heat accumulation. Due to high thermal inertia of the skyscraper, part of the heat generated during the daytime, accumulated during the night, keeping the rooms warm, with little energy. 2. Fresco. 2.1. Fresco generation. To generate fresh in skyscrapers have used the following techniques: 2.1.1. Techniques to prevent the skyscraper hot summer: - Protection from direct sunlight. In areas south of the building is achieved by folding down the outer glass of the double-glass skin. This not only that no heat is generated by the greenhouse effect, but opaque horizontal elements (which are thermal solar collectors) protect the glass from direct radiation. In addition, we used other complementary technique of utilizing glass screen printed by a points system that let in sunlight very perpendicular to the glass (winter) and do not let the sun flush (summer). In this case, the hot air that is created in the double skin of glass rises through vents that serve as a separation between the slabs, and escape to the outside. The air circulating fan double glass skin and removes heat gains, isolating the building. In areas east and west of the building horizontal sunscreens do not work, so that no external windows are lowered, and close some tents outside the inner skin of double glass skin. Thus solar radiation does not reach the interior of the building and heated air rises in the intermediate chamber to the exterior top, through horizontal grids are at the height of each slab of the building. - Protection of indirect solar radiation. Is achieved through three levels of internal blinds opaque, translucent and transparent multi-colored. This controls the amount of light in each room inside the skyscraper (200 to 600 lux), and the mood of workers (by the color of the blinds). 2.1.2. Techniques for cooling the skyscrapers in summer - Geothermal generation of fresh air There are several shots of air around the skyscrapers. The air entering the tubes is driven into the underground geothermal galleries. The cooled air and amount to the central core of the skyscraper where is sucked into the effect of natural convection and chimney effect inside the nucleus. - Refresh night (circadian rhythms) The floors of the skyscraper has a high thermal inertia, thus evening allowing outside air to cool the building, and will stay fresh throughout the following day. A simple system allows night hatches between the outside air, while day-only air enters the core (fresh air). - Geothermal energy. Stock underground cold water. Of the cold pack is extracted groundwater flow enough cold water to cool part of the floor by a floor heating system. - De-wetting, spraying water. To cool the natural way skyscrapers are made use of a simple and natural: water spray, in order to evaporate and thus, lower the temperature of the surrounding environment. However, this method increases the humidity level and thus increases the feeling of embarrassment. Therefore, we first de-moisturize the air, filtering it through salts which absorb moisture, and through a mechanical device based on "Peltier effect." Second, the resulting dry air is cooled by a water spray evaporation. The result is fresh air, and moisture content with a similar or lower than the natural state of the environment. 2.2. Fresh transmission. Fresh air entering the offices from the central core run throughout the surface of a centrifuge, refreshing in its path. The air escapes through the upper windows of the inner skin of double glass skin. It creates an overpressure in the top of the room so the air out, preventing outside air from entering the rooms. In this way the rooms remain fresh throughout the day without any need for mechanical air conditioning systems. 2.3. Fresh accumulation. The high thermal inertia of skyscrapers (due to heavy intermediate floors and gardens) allows the cool air generated is maintained throughout the day, with little energy. 5. Outstanding innovations - Construction on a railway track in use continuously The skyscrapers are based on three pillars only on the delineation of the bridge. In this way, could be built without disrupting the normal operation of the railway and road network, and without causing the slightest alteration in its normal traffic. - Multimedia building The etched glass double skin is equipped with thousands of tiny multicolored LEDs, with individual control, allowing you to compose scenes and images. In addition, this double skin of glass images are projected through a set of synchronized video projectors. Thus, the images are able to manipulate the forms and spaces, giving the character set ethereal, weightless and intangible. The physical spaces are mixed with the virtual spaces you can not tell where they end architectural elements, and where visual information begins. It is therefore a true multimedia building, which changes in appearance and color according to circumstances. - Water-screen The two skyscrapers are connected by a linear system of spraying water under pressure. Thus they can form a curtain of water (water-screen) on which to project all kinds of images. The multimedia show could be seen by hundreds of thousands of people, even from distant ships at sea. - Energy Autonomy The low power consumption and integration of a large amount of thermal and photovoltaic solar collectors, makes self-sustaining skyscrapers, from an energy perspective. - Extreme Flexibility The two skyscrapers have been designed to provide absolute flexibility offices. In this way, can accommodate any activity and can be reconfigured in a very fast, without expensive works or installations. - Ease of evacuation Skyscrapers are very easy to evacuate, as each plant has very few passengers, and there is a double staircase evacuation, and a set of elevators controlled by an expert system. - Fire resistance. Skyscrapers have high fire resistance. Its structure is of high performance concrete, and almost two skyscrapers are made of concrete, ceramic tiles, stone tiles and glass. - Extreme security against unforeseen impacts and incidents The skyscrapers are designed to provide extreme security against external shocks, or any unforeseen incident of this nature. It has an extremely thin, and great structural strength.