Macarena Eco-House | Luis de Garrido

Macarena Eco-House 2001 Macarena Molina St. Lucar. Seville 153'00 m² € 85,000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 1. Most Important Goals - Plan a low budget housing. - Designing a house with a high degree of industrialization. - Projecting a high bioclimatic housing without heating or mechanical conditioning. 2. Architectural Solution This is a house with a very small, and very low cost, so that the architectural structure is very simple. Basically if two rectangles separated by a courtyard conservatory. A module is the living area (living room-kitchen), and the other sleeping area (two bedrooms and a bathroom). The central area can be reconfigured easily. In winter the central area becomes a huge greenhouse with double glass skin, and in summer it becomes a cool, shady courtyard. To make the transformation only needs to open a door, window and floor gratings. The behavior of housing is especially effective in summer, to cope with the hot summers of Seville. 3. Sustainable Analysis 1. Resource Optimization 1.1. Natural Resources. They take full advantage of resources such as the sun (to heat the house), the wind, water and earth (to cool the housing), rain water (for watering the garden and flushing toilets), .... . 1.2. Resources made. The materials used optimally take advantage of avoiding possible waste through proper project and a high level of industrialization and prefabrication (supporting structure of load-bearing walls of reinforced concrete slabs of reinforced concrete slabs, sloping roof, carpentry, painting, ...). 1.3. Resources recovered, reused and recycled. The vast majority of housing materials may be recoverable. On the other hand, has promoted the use of recycled and recyclable materials. 2. Decreased energy consumption 2.1. Construction. The house is built with minimal energy consumption. The vast majority of the materials used are prefabricated, so has required a minimal amount of energy. On the other hand, housing has been built with little supporting resources, and with very little labor. 2.2. Use Due to its characteristics bioclimatic housing has a very low energy consumption standard. The house is heated greenhouse and two accumulators night rate. The hot water is generated by two solar thermal captors. The house is cooled by architectural systems and mechanical systems need upgrading, so no energy to cool. 2.3. Dismantling The vast majority of materials used can be recovered easily (once the life of the building) to be reused in the construction of another building (complete structure, deck, beams, tiles, ceramic tiles, windows, shutters , gates, doors ..). 3. Using alternative energy sources The energy used is of two types: solar thermal (solar captors for two ACS, and evaporation of water to air cooling), and geothermal energy (air refresh system taking advantage of low temperature at 2 meters underground in the galleries below the floor slab of the house). 4. Reduced waste and emissions Housing does not generate any emissions and does not generate any waste, except organic. 5. Improving health and wellbeing All materials used are environmentally friendly and healthy and have no emissions that can affect human health. Similarly, the house is naturally ventilated, and maximizes natural light (artificial lighting can not be used as long as natural lighting), which creates a healthy environment and provides the best possible quality of life for building occupants . 6. Reduced price of the building and maintenance The house has been designed rationally, and most of its components are industrialized, eliminating redundant items, unnecessary or gratuitous, allowing construction to a greatly reduced price, despite the ecological equipment includes. 4. Bioclimatic Characteristics 1.1. Heat Generation Systems The house is heated by itself in two ways: 1. Avoiding cool: Due to its high thermal insulation, and having most of the glass surface to the south. 2. Because of his careful and special bioclimatic design, and perfect NS orientation, housing is heated by the greenhouse effect, direct sunlight and accumulators night rate. 1.2. Fresh Generation Systems Housing cools itself in three ways: 1. Avoiding heat, providing most of the glass surface just to the south and west, providing sun protection for the direct and indirect solar radiation (a type of protection different for each of the holes in different directions) and providing isolation appropriate. 2. Cooling by a cooling system architectural air through underground tunnels. On the other hand, due to high thermal inertia of the building, the accumulated fresh overnight stays for almost the entire next day. 3. Evacuating the hot air outside the housing through the upper windows of the central covered courtyard. The slant of the roof enhances the natural convection and provides an effective "chimney effect" to extract the hot air inside the house. 3. Storage systems (heat or cool) The heat generated during the day in winter it accumulates in the floors and load-bearing walls, keeping the house warm during the night. Similarly, the cool night generated during the summer up in the floors and load-bearing walls, keeping the house cool during the day. The roof garden high thermal inertia, reinforces this process. 4. Transfer systems (heat or cool). The cool air generated in the underground galleries for housing is distributed through a set of grids spread over the floors. 5. Natural ventilation The ventilation of the building is continuously and naturally through the very walls surround, allowing adequate ventilation without energy loss. This type of ventilation is possible because all materials are breathable (concrete, hemp insulation, paint silicates), although the set has a behavior completely waterproof. 5. Eco-friendly materials 1. Foundations and structure. Two sheets of drywall and insulation. The inner leaf is the load-bearing wall of reinforced concrete 15 cm. thickness (with high thermal inertia). The outer sheet is lightweight precast concrete of 6 cm. Inside there is a double sheet of hemp insulation layer of 5 cm. and a ventilated air space of 3 cm. The floor is made out of prefabricated concrete slabs. 2. Exterior finishes Silicate paint. Birch plywood treated with vegetable oils. 3. Interior finishes Paintings vegetables. Polished concrete screeds. Double doors plywood board, beech plywood, and treated with vegetable oils. 4. Cover Roof garden, with an average thickness of 25 cm. of land. Pitched roof sandwich panel based consists of: top Viroc board (wood chips and cement) of 13 mm, bottom board of birch plywood 13 mm, and internal insulation crushing black cork 10 cm. thick. Based coating asphalt and Moorish tiles. 5. Others Polypropylene water pipes. Polyethylene drainage pipes. Energy-efficient appliances. Pine woodwork treated with vegetable oils. Cotton canvas awnings. Shading of solid pine, treated with vegetable oils. 6. Highlights Innovations - Prefabricated system of structure based on double wall (wall charge and wall covering), which allows total removal of the dwelling in order to facilitate the repair or reuse of all components, including the structure itself. - Double glass skin of the central courtyard, which allows ventilation of the house in winter without energy loss. This double skin of glass allows the preheating of ventilation air, while increasing the efficiency of greenhouse gases generated. Similarly, when removing the outer glass of the double skin of glass creates a shaded area south of the housing, which prevents hot greenhouse as solar radiation can not access the inside glass.