Abrera Eco-House | Luis de Garrido

Abrera Eco-House 2001 Lola Garcia and Jose Miguel Jurado Abrera. Barcelona 225'02 m2 110,000 euros ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 1. Most Important Goals - Projecting a budget home for a young couple. - Designing a home that allows a high degree of self. - Projecting a high bioclimatic housing, despite the misdirection of scarce buildable area of ​​the site. - Design a green roof passable low-cost, low maintenance, recovery and treatment of rainwater. 2. Architectural Solution The buildable area of ​​the site just has 200 m2, and has an irregular longitudinal north-south. For this reason it is very difficult to project a home, and even more, a bioclimatic house you can get the maximum solar radiation in winter. Since there can be a wide front to the south, it was decided to divide the house into three pieces and arrange them as separate stages. Thus, the southern sunlight can access each of the three parties, naturally illuminating every corner of the house, and greenhouse warming. This solution also enables not have holes to the west, keeping the house is hot in summer. The three parts into which the housing is divided as follows: day area (living room-kitchen), bedroom area and master bedroom (can bath and study). In the articulation of the living area with sleeping area has provided the main access to housing through a glass walkway that runs on an artificial lake. This something is working on refreshing the house in summer. 3. Sustainable Analysis 1. Resource Optimization 1.1. Natural Resources. They take full advantage of resources such as the sun (to heat the house), the wind, water and earth (to cool the housing), rain water (for watering the garden and flushing toilets), .... . 1.2. Resources made. The materials used are maximized, while avoiding possible waste through proper project and effective management. On the other hand, housing is designed so that users themselves can build more than half of its components, with little supporting resources. 1.3. Resources recovered, reused and recycled. The vast majority of housing materials may be recoverable. On the other hand, has promoted the use of recycled and recyclable materials. 2. Decreased energy consumption 2.1. Construction. The house is built with minimal energy consumption. The materials used were manufactured with a minimum amount of energy. On the other hand, housing has been built with little supporting resources, and with very little labor, since the owners have occupied 50% of the necessary work. 2.2. Use Due to its characteristics bioclimatic housing has a very low energy consumption standard. The house is heated by the greenhouse effect, a fireplace, biomass (waste on the environment), and electric accumulators nightly rate. The hot water is generated by two solar thermal captors. The fact that the house is fully insulated bioclimatic makes electric heating is the best option. By using the night rate, the cost is reduced by half. Being a bioclimatic house, back down to more than half. And you have to deduct what the cost of conventional heating installations, but the cost of the floor area required. 2.3. Dismantling The vast majority of materials used can be recovered easily (once the life of the building) to be reused in the construction of another. 3. Using alternative energy sources The energy used is of two types: solar thermal (solar captors for two ACS, and evaporation of water to air cooling), and geothermal energy (air refresh system taking advantage of low temperatures existing underground, in the galleries below forged sanitary housing). The house is partially buried, so that its temperature tends to remain stable throughout the year. 4. Reduced waste and emissions The property does not generate any waste or emissions (excluding the chimney generates biomass, on the few occasions that its use is necessary), and does not generate any waste, except organic. 5. Improving health and wellbeing All materials used are environmentally friendly and healthy and have no emissions that can affect human health. Similarly, the house is naturally ventilated, and maximizes natural light (artificial lighting can not be used as long as natural lighting), which creates a healthy environment and provides the best possible quality of life for building occupants . 6. Reduced price of the building and maintenance The house has been designed in a rational way, removing unnecessary items, unnecessary or gratuitous, allowing construction to a greatly reduced price, despite the ecological equipment includes. 4. Bioclimatic Characteristics 1.1. Heat Generation Systems The house is heated by itself in two ways: 1. Avoiding cool: Due to its high thermal insulation, glazed surfaces and having just south and east, and none to the north. 2. due to its careful and special bioclimatic design. Greenhouse is heated, direct sunlight and accumulators night rate. 1.2. Fresh Generation Systems Housing cools itself in three ways: 1. Avoiding hot, glazed surfaces providing just south and east, just west of sunscreens providing for the direct and indirect solar radiation, and providing adequate insulation. 2. Cooling by air cooling system using an artificial lake and underground channels. The fact that housing is partially buried enables the temperature tends to stay consistent throughout the year. 3. Evacuating the hot air outside the house, through a solar chimney and natural convection. 3. Storage systems (heat or cool) The heat generated during the day in winter (greenhouse effect, direct sunlight and biomass by the fireplace) is accumulated in the floors and interior bearing walls of high thermal inertia. Thus the house stays warm all night, with little power consumption. The cool night generated during the summer (for natural ventilation due to lower temperatures outside) accumulates in the floors and interior bearing walls of high thermal inertia. Thus the housing stays cool throughout the day without any energy consumption. 4. Transfer systems (heat or cool). The heat generated by natural radiation emissions and is distributed throughout the home, due to staggered upward. The cool air generated in the underground galleries for housing is distributed through a set of grids spread over the floors. 5. Natural ventilation The ventilation of the building is continuously and naturally through the very walls surround, allowing adequate ventilation without energy loss. This type of ventilation is possible because all materials are breathable (ceramic, lime-cement mortar, paint silicates), although the set has a behavior completely waterproof. 5. Eco-friendly materials 1. Foundations and structure. Wall of two leaves. The inner leaf is the load-bearing brick wall perforated 28 cm. thickness (with high thermal inertia). The blade is hollow brick exterior of 7 cm. Inside there is a double sheet of hemp insulation layer of 5 cm. and a ventilated air space of 3 cm. (In some parts of the facade exterior sheet has been made out of birch plywood panels of 13 mm. Arranged by battens, including a hemp insulation layer of 5 cm, and a ventilated air gap of 2 cm. ) semiviguetas Forged prestressed and concrete vaults. 2. Exterior finishes Silicate paint. Birch plywood treated with vegetable oils. 3. Interior finishes Paintings vegetables. Flooring tile porcelain tile. Double doors plywood board, beech plywood, and treated with vegetable oils. 4. Cover Roof garden, with an average thickness of 25 cm. of land. 5. Others Polypropylene water pipes. Polyethylene drainage pipes. Energy-efficient appliances. Pine woodwork treated with vegetable oils. Cotton canvas awnings. Shading of solid pine, treated with vegetable oils. 6. Highlights Innovations - Conduct a home with a high degree of self. The homeowners have been more than 50% of the necessary work. - Designing a home with architectural stages, allowing an excellent bioclimatic behavior, even though, under compulsion, should have a north-south longitudinal, completely opposite to what would be appropriate. - Integrate an artificial lake at the bottom of the housing, allowing a natural soda.